VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

।। उपनिषत्सु विश्वप्रार्थनाः ।।

Mayuri Bhatiya — 2023-07-06

अस्मिन् शोधपत्रे वर्तमाने उपयुक्तानां उपनिषत्सु प्रदत्तानां विश्वप्रार्थनानां विषये चर्चा कृता अस्ति ।

TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION

Shveta Joshi — 2023-07-17

With the advent of innovative technology, many traditional schools have resorted to modern techniques to facilitate student learning. Early steps recognize the role of technology in education. Which indicates the importance of audio-visual equipment like tele media, recording media, computer etc. Thus, educational technology emphasizes the art of employing so-called hardware, innovative media, and machine industry methods for educational purposes. It has now become clear that the systematic way in which technology is used to achieve a purpose is as important as the use of technology. Today the software aspect of educational technology has reached an important point i.e. it is useful in molding behavioural practices or in other words useful for solving problems of promoting learning and motivation. The most widely known meaning of educational technology today is more special than the acquisition of its hardware or software.

जीवनी और महिला लेखनः छूटे पन्नो की उड़ान – एक समीक्षा

मीना राठोड — 2023-07-17

दलित साहित्य मनुष्य को मनुष्य के रुप में देखता है। जिसे हम दलित मनोवैज्ञानिक मुक्ति का साहित्य कहते है। हशिये के बहार पडा भारतीय दलित समाज आज आत्मसम्मान तथा बहिस्कृत जिंदगी से मुक्ति पाने का संघर्ष एवं अपने आत्मसम्मान की पहचान की लडाई लड़ रहा है। शोषण के प्रति विद्रोह भाव जगाना ही साहित्य कर्मियों का कर्तव्य है। दलित साहित्य का उद्देश्य दलित समाज में जागृति पैदा करके उनमें स्वाभिमान भरना है। वे चाहते है कि संपूर्ण समाज व्यवस्था को नष्ट करके समान समाज व्यवस्था का निर्माण हो, नवीन समाज व्यवस्था निर्मित हो वहाँ हरेक व्यक्ति को समान अधिकार मिले।

પંચમહાલ જિલ્લાના હાલોલ તાલુકામાં માનવ વિકાસના સંદર્ભમાં શિક્ષણ અંગેની પરિસ્થિતિનો અભ્યાસ

હરીગોપાલ અગ્રવાલ — 2023-07-17

શિક્ષણને માનવીના માનવ તરીકેના અસ્તિત્વની સાથે સાંકળવામાં આવ્યું છે. શિક્ષણ વિના માનવી સંભવી જ ન શકે એવી એની દૈહિક રચના રચાયેલી છે. જન્મથી જ માનવીને પ્રાપ્ત થતી શારીરિક સંપત્તિ, એનાં અંગ-ઉપાંગો, એનું મગજ, એની જ્ઞાનેન્દ્રિયો વગેરે એને જીવનભર ટકી રહેવા, વિકસવા, સફળ નીવડવા અને તેમ કરીને એના જીવનની સાર્થકતાનો અનુભવ કરી, તેમાંથી મહત્તમ આનંદ અને સંતોષ મેળવવા જાણે કે એને નિરંતર શીખતા રહેવાની સામગ્રી પૂરી પાડે છે. એ માટે એને અભિપ્રેરણા આપે છે અને એમ કરીને દુનિયાના અન્ય પ્રાણી જાતથી એને એક આગવી ઓળખ આપે છે. આથી જ માનવીને ‘એક શીખતા પ્રાણી’ તરીકે ઓળખવામાં આવ્યો છે. જેમ માનવીની દૈહિક સંપત્તિ એને સદા શીખતું રહેતું વ્યક્તિત્વ બક્ષે છે, એમ એની અનેકવિધ માનસિક શક્તિઓ, જેવી કે બુદ્ધિ, તર્ક, કલ્પના, સ્મૃતિ, અર્થગ્રહણ, તુલના, નિષ્કર્ષ, કુતૂહલ વગેરે એને પ્રચંડ ક્ષમતાભંડાર બક્ષે છે; જે એને શીખવા અને સતત શીખતા રહેવા એક અંતર્ગત બળ પૂરું પાડે છે. કુદરતે એને વાચા આપીને તો જાણે શીખવા-શીખવવાની અનેકાનેક સંભાવનાઓનાં દ્વાર ખુલ્લાં મૂકી દીધાં ! પરિણામે, આદિ કાળથી લઈને આજ લગી માનવીએ અતિરોમાંચક, અતિસાહસભરી અને અકલ્પ્ય પરિણામો ધરાવતી જ્ઞાનયાત્રા ખેડ્યાં કરી છે. આજે એ 21મી સદીના આરંભે શરૂ થયેલા જ્ઞાનયુગનો તે એક કાબેલ યાત્રી, નિર્માતા અને વ્યવસ્થાપનકાર બની શક્યો છે એ તેના વિકાસનું ઇતિહાસનું એક અભૂતપૂર્વ પ્રકરણ બનવા પામ્યું છે.

A STUDY ON PRESIDENCY OF THE G20 IN INDIA: SWOC ANALYSIS

Rinkesh Mahida — 2023-08-07

India assumed the presidency of the G20 grouping from Indonesia on December 1, 2022, and will hold the post for a year. During its presidency, in a variety of social and economic sectors, India aims to identify, highlight, build and deepen international support for vitally important issues. This G20 conference in India is intended to continue pressing for reformed multilateralism that creates a multipolar international structure that is more accountable, inclusive, equitable and representative. India also intends to highlight inclusive growth and development at the G20 summit, placing a focus on women's empowerment and representation in essence of its G20 discussions.(indiafoundation, 2022).The G20 is an international forum for governance of the global economy, representing 85% of two-thirds of the world's population, 75% of global trade, and the worldwide GDP.(THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).India has been a member of the G20 since 1999 and will keep chairmanship for one year.(THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).India's Presidency comes at a time of global flux, with the Russia-Ukraine conflict and sanctions affecting the most vulnerable developing countries and LDCs. India's vision for global development, is shaped by green and digital uprisings and the pandemic effect. With a new emphasis on the "global common good", PM Modi has changed India's foreign policy. Through its leadership of the G20, India seeks to find long-term & appropriate approaches to global problems including climate change, emerging technologies, food and energy security.(THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).India will host the G20 Leaders' Summit in New Delhi in 2023. (THE TIMES OF INDIA, 2023).The objectives of this article are to analyze the country's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges (SWOC) in the context of India in the G20 summit. The current study is conducted using secondary data from books, government publications, open-source databases, and other literature sources. It is based on both descriptive and analytical research methodologies.

ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFICACY OF ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS (L.) R.BR. EXTRACT ON CULTURED DAUDI CELLS: AN IN VITRO APPROACH

Felisa Parmar — 2023-08-07

Objective: The aim of this study is to observe the apoptosis of ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS (L.) R.Br. against Daudi cells and to study its primary mechanism.

Materials and Methods: Antiproliferative activity of cultured Daudi cells was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in a dose- and time-dependent manner after treatment with the hydroalcoholic extract of A. scholaris. Trypan blue viability assay was also performed. Apoptosis induction in the cells post treatment was determined by DNA fragmentation assay, Agarose gel electrophoresis, and Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide dual staining. Protein isolation and analysis was carried out using the standard polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protocols.

Results: The extracts inhibited the growth and proliferation of Daudi cells through induced cell death, which was dose-dependent and time-dependent. The IC₅₀ value was found to be 260 µg/ml after 72 h of treatment. The induction of DNA fragmentation and increase in a number of apoptotic ells post treatment suggest the possibility of apoptosis induction. A significant decrease in protein level was also observed.

Conclusion: The results raise the possibility that the hydroalcoholic extract of A. scholaris could be a potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various cancers. Further evaluation of its potency as a chemotherapeutic agent is imperative.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEW EDUCATION POLICY- 2020

Vipul Patel — 2023-08-07

The New Education Policy (NEP) in India is a transformative initiative aimed at revolutionizing the education system. As the implementation of the NEP progresses, social workers have a significant role to play in ensuring its successful execution. With their expertise in community engagement, advocacy, counseling, and support services, social workers can contribute to creating an inclusive, equitable, and empowering educational environment for all stakeholders. This comprehensive article examines the multifaceted role of social workers in the implementation of the NEP, highlighting their responsibilities and potential contributions. It explores community engagement, equity and inclusion, counseling and support services, strengthening school-home partnerships, teacher training and professional development, and policy advocacy and research. By effectively fulfilling these roles, social workers can help transform the NEP's vision into a reality, promoting quality education and holistic development for all learners.

CASH FLOW STATEMENT ANALYSIS: IDENTIFYING RED FLAGS AND WARNING SIGNS FOR FINANCIAL DISTRESS

Pragnesh Dalwadi — 2023-08-08

This paper focuses on the importance of cash flow statement analysis in identifying red flags and warning signs for financial distress in companies. The cash flow statement provides valuable insights into a company's cash generation, liquidity, and financial health. By examining key components of the cash flow statement, such as operating cash flows, investing activities, and financing activities, analysts can identify patterns and indicators that may suggest potential financial distress. This paper discusses common red flags and warning signs to look out for during cash flow statement analysis and emphasizes the significance of early detection and proactive measures in mitigating financial distress.

‘માવજી મહેશ્વરીનો વાર્તાલોક' માં પ્રગટ થતી વાર્તાઓની તાસીર

Sanjay Parmar — 2023-08-08

વાર્તાકાર માવજી મહેશ્વરીની વિવિધ વાર્તાઓ પસંદ કરીને અજય સોનીએ આ પુસ્તકમાં સંપાદિત કરી છે. જેમાં વાર્તાની વિવિધતા અને તાસીર વિશે બતાવવાનો મારો પ્રયાસ છે.

REVIEW ON - FOLK LITERATURE TO REDEVELOP VOCATIONAL EDUCATION THROUGH SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Dharti Gajjar — 2023-08-08

The word, ‘folk’ has wide range of understanding and connotations-ranging from ‘natural’ to traditional’ to ‘rural’ and in some cases ‘from the heart’ in India. Very ancients of this land, India, were past masters of all art forms that are folk. Folk literature also called folklore or oral tradition is that the lore (traditional knowledge and beliefs) of cultures having no written communication. In the new National Education Policy-2020 several important guidelines to preserve the tradition of multilingualism and folk wisdom have been given. Its background is based on folk Literature. In the context of globalisation, and changes to work patterns it is failing to redevelop vocational education resources to industries.

The paper starts with folk literature and India’s Vocational Education and training which is essential mechanism of any strategy to improve farm and nonfarm productivity that improves rural incomes. Skill is the bridge between job and workforce. The discussion will go on to use of materials from folk literature for purposes of instruction at various levels of education is rather minimal included vocational education emerging with National Education Policy-2020. Finally, an attempt to make use of folk literature as a powerful educational tool to redevelop vocational education through skill development in India as it could be to increase inclusivity, innovation and prosperity. Efforts have to be made to sensitize our young learners towards the rich folk heritage of India and give it the prestigious position that it deserves in our life.

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO STATE OF GUJARAT

Hiral Bhatt — 2023-08-08

Gujarat is regarded as one of the world's economic centers, and as such, all of its sectors should be promoted. Energy is one of the sectors that is regarded as the foundation for the overall development. Since two to three decades ago, the amount of coal consumed to produce adequate electricity has increased proportionately, leading to an increase in carbon emissions (CO2). Gujarat is one of the states with excess energy supply and benefits from a 1600-kilometer coastline. Gujarat has one of the highest per capita energy consumption rates among many Asian countries and states. Because of the volume of carbon emissions, there has been an increase in the demand for modern technology and development. The Gujarat government has implemented a wide range of programmes and policies to address the issue of renewable resources and the associated environmental risk. Here, the researcher had examined a number of programmes and strategies for the use of renewable energy sources by the state. The researcher has also examined how various programmes and policies have affected environmental risk and how those programmes and policies relate to Indian government environmental policy. The inexperienced passageway project of the Indian government and the numerous concerns for climate change are also highlighted in this paper. The major goal of this research is to see if Gujarat Government can reduce carbon emissions and increase use of renewable resources. Here, the researcher has analyzed data for the years 2010 to 2020 using secondary data and tabulation techniques.

UNVEILING INDIANNESS: EXPLORING HINDUISM THROUGH THE EYES OF POETS IN INDIAN LITERATURE

Mayur Wadhwaniya — 2023-08-08

In shaping the Indian identity and Indian literature Hinduism has played a central role it has been a treasure trove of diverse cultural expressions. The perceptions and interpretations of Hinduism of Indian poets offer unique understanding into the complexities and fine points of Indianness. The present study aims to explore how poets in Indian literature have presented Hinduism, suppling a deep insight of the religion's influence on the Indian psyche. The present study delves into the exploration of "Indianness" in Indian literature by the lens of Hinduism's profusive influence. Indian literature topography reflects a unique amalgamation of languages, religions, traditions, and perspectives, contributing to the heterogenous cultural identity of the nation. The present study investigates the significant influence of Hinduism on poetry during focusing Bhakti Movement. It delves into the works of Bhakti saints i.e. Kabir, Mirabai, Surdas, and Tulsidas, whose verses revolutionized the depicted Hinduism by spotlighting a personal and emotional connection with the divine. The expressions of love, devotion, and spirituality by Bhakti poets resonate with the core values of Hinduism, jubilation the timeless essence of "Indianness" and the cultural values of India. Moreover, the present study analyses modern Indian poetry with its continued inspiration of Hindu themes. Modern Poets such as Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, and Kamala Das comprised Hindu philosophical concepts, deities, and rituals to explore the complexities of human emotions and spiritual truths. Their verses represented the enduring role of Hinduism in shaping the spiritual essence that weaves together modern India, which highlights the universal enchantment of Hindu spirituality and its contribution to the Indian literature. Eventually, the present study reveals Hinduism's influence on Indian literature which transcends time and space, reflection of interconnectedness of culture, spirituality, and the soul of the nation. The picture of "Indianness" in Indian literature applauds the rich cultural heritage, inclusivity, and pluralism of nation, and offering profound understanding into the enduring spiritual values that maintain to inspire generations of readers.

PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NCFTE-2009: MAKING A HUMANE TEACHER

Bhupendra Singh — 2023-08-08

Learning is defined as the active reorganization of an existing pattern of meaning, while teaching is the achievement of shared sense in the context of educating. This conception of teaching-learning requires some elucidation. In a teaching moment, the teacher acts intentionally to change the meaning of the student's experience, using curriculum materials. It is as if the teacher and student were standing side by side, looking together at the curriculum. According to Jean Piaget, during the latter sensory-motor stage, the child experiences his world where he develops an understanding of object permanence of an object which exists, even if that object is not within the field of his vision (Singer & Revenson, 1996, p. 21). On the other hand, Vygotsky in his sociocultural theory of development opined that the learner learns through social interactions and their culture (Langford, 2005). Therefore, what is to be taught in classrooms should be decided remembering the environment of the learner, his needs, and what is better for him. This research paper helps to develop an understanding of the philosophical perspective of a National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education-2009.

ROLE OF PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS TOWARDS RURAL DEVELOPMENT: A STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PULWAMA DISTRICT OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Younis Sheikh — 2023-08-08

Lot of rural development programmes were carried out by panchayat raj institutions in the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir from time to time in order to develop the rural area. The Government of Jammu and Kashmir assures people’s participation in developmental activities and in the local governance institutions with adequate gender, class and caste representation as per the need of the amendment package. But, the level of people’s participation in developmental activities at grassroots level seems to be very low. Moreover, gram panchayats are not adequately accountable to gram Sabha. The idea of participation, as an important part of panchayat raj, has rarely been observed in practice. Against this backdrop, the study is designed to investigate the panchayat representatives in order to understand their role towards implementation of various rural development programmes. An attempt has also been made to fully understand the role of Gram Sabha in panchayati raj system and rural development. A structured interview schedule was administrated for this purpose. Besides, informal discussions and field observations also proved to be helpful in providing inputs to strengthen the arguments in analysis.

પ્રકૃતિ- પર્યાવરણ માટેનો આદિવાસી સંઘર્ષ ‘ડુંગર ઘરડો થયો’ નવલકથા સંદર્ભે

Vipulkumar Katara — 2023-08-08

પ્રસ્તુત લેખમાં વિશ્વ આખાની સળગતી સમસ્યા પ્રકૃતિના વિનાશની વાત કરવામાં આવી છે. 'ડુંગર ઘરડો થયો' નવલકથાના આધારે આદિવાસી સમાજનો પ્રકૃત્તિ પ્રત્યેનો પ્રેમ આ લેખમાં નીરૂપવામાં આવ્યો છે.

‘પગલું માંડું હું અવકાશમાં’:સમીક્ષાત્મક અભ્યાસ

Megha Panchal — 2023-08-08

'પગલું માંડું હું અવકાશમાં' આત્મકથા નિમિત્તે લેખિકાનું અંતરંગ જીવન અને સાહિત્ય સર્જન યાત્રાનો સુપેરે પરિચય થાય છે.

આધુનિક મહાકાવ્ય તરીકે “भार्गवीयम्”

Naitikkumar Prajapati — 2023-08-08

કાવ્ય એ જીવનની સંપૂર્ણ અભિવ્યક્તિ છે. સાચો કવિ માનવ જીવનના દરેક સુખ અને દુઃખની ઓળખ આપે છે અને અસરકારક ભાષામાં પણ માનવ જીવનના ગૌરવપૂર્ણ પાસાઓને વ્યક્ત કરે છે. તેમની કવિતામાં હૃદય સ્પંદિત થાય છે. અને આંતરિક અસ્તિત્વની મૂક વેદના તેની સંપૂર્ણ અને પ્રભાવશાળી અભિવ્યક્તિ પ્રાપ્ત કરે છે. ભારતીય સંસ્કૃતિ અને લોક જાગૃતિના અદ્ભૂત સંસ્કૃત કવિ, તાત્કાલિક જીવન પરંપરાની તપાસ કરે છે. અને તેનું સાચું વર્ણન રજૂ કરે છે.

IMPORTANCE OF CYBERSECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES IN BUSINESS

Dawit Tolossa — 2023-08-08

In today's digitally connected business landscape, the increasing reliance on technology exposes organizations to a growing number of cyber threats and security breaches. Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in systems and networks, putting sensitive data, financial assets, and company reputation at risk. To fortify cybersecurity defenses effectively, organizations must recognize the pivotal role of employees. This article emphasizes the significance of cybersecurity awareness training, empowering employees as the first line of defense against cyber attacks and preserving customer trust. A systematic literature review reveals that training employees has a positive impact, reducing security incidents and fostering a culture of cybersecurity consciousness. Tailoring training for remote work enhances the organization's resilience. A holistic security strategy integrating technical measures and policies is crucial. By investing in comprehensive and ongoing cybersecurity awareness training, businesses can proactively protect assets and maintain a secure position in the digital age.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF INDIAN MUTUAL FUND THROUGH SIPs: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SMALL, MID, AND LARGE CAP FUNDS

Komal Sharma — 2023-08-08

This study looks at the performance and risk characteristics of Indian mutual fund schemes in terms of several market capitalization groups, including Small Cap, Mid Cap, and Large Cap funds. The study assesses risk measures such as Standard Deviation, Beta, Sharpe, Jenson's Alpha, and Treynor's Ratio in addition to analyzing the annual returns throughout a variety of investment periods (1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 5 years, and 10 years). The conclusions provide insights into the growth potential and risk profiles of mutual fund schemes by shedding light on their past performance. Using the findings, investors can make knowledgeable choices depending on their investing objectives and risk tolerance. To comprehend the risk-return trade-off and choose appropriate mutual fund schemes, the research intends to help investors, financial advisors, and fund managers within each market capitalization category.

EMPOWERING YOUTH: BUILDING A STRONG FOUNDATION FOR TOMORROW

Vinay Trivedi — 2023-09-13

This abstract explores the imperative of empowering youth as a pivotal strategy for establishing a robust foundation for the future. In an ever-evolving global landscape characterized by technological advancements, shifting socioeconomic dynamics, and complex challenges, the role of youth in shaping and driving positive change cannot be understated. This abstract delves into various dimensions of empowering youth, encompassing education, skill development, civic engagement, and mental well-being.

The abstract underscores the significance of education as a cornerstone of youth empowerment, emphasizing the need for innovative and inclusive educational approaches that equip young individuals with adaptable skills, critical thinking abilities, and digital literacy. By addressing the unique needs and aspirations of young people, societies can foster an environment that nurtures creativity, problem-solving, and lifelong learning.

Furthermore, the abstract discusses the pivotal role of skill development in enhancing youth empowerment, particularly in the context of a rapidly evolving job market. Initiatives that provide training in emerging fields, entrepreneurship, and vocational skills can equip youth with the tools they need to navigate a competitive landscape and contribute meaningfully to economic growth.

Civic engagement emerges as another essential facet of youth empowerment, as young voices are catalysts for social change and progress. Encouraging active participation in community development, policy discussions, and advocacy empowers youth to shape the direction of their societies, fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility.

The abstract also addresses the critical importance of prioritizing youth mental well-being. With rising stressors and uncertainties, creating supportive environments that address mental health challenges is imperative. By offering accessible mental health services, promoting resilience, and reducing stigma, societies can ensure that the youth are equipped to handle the complexities of the modern world.

Ultimately, this abstract underscores the symbiotic relationship between empowering youth and building a strong foundation for tomorrow. By investing in their education, skills, engagement, and well-being, societies can harness the untapped potential of youth to drive sustainable development, innovation, and positive societal transformation. Through comprehensive and strategic efforts, empowering youth becomes not only an ethical imperative but a pragmatic strategy for shaping a prosperous and resilient future.

FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING: BENEFITS, CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FINANCIAL REPORTING

Pragnesh Dalwadi — 2023-09-13

This research paper delves into fair value accounting, exploring its benefits, challenges, and implications for financial reporting. Beginning with its significance and contrast to historical cost accounting, it navigates through its role in global reporting standards. The benefits of transparency, relevance and informed decision-making are weighed against challenges such as subjectivity, volatility's impact, illiquid asset valuation complexity and the potential for manipulation. The effects of fair value on financial statements, disclosure, ratios and valuation are scrutinized. The regulatory framework's intricacies, regulatory responses and global harmonization efforts are assessed. This research paper's concluding reflection underscores fair value's evolving importance in a dynamic financial landscape, emphasizing the need for on-going vigilance and adaptation.

INNOVATIVE DATA COLLECTION METHODS FOR RESEARCH IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Rubeena — 2023-09-13

Data collection is a very important stage in social science research. In social science research, the data collection stage is very patient and challenging. The data collection methods are an important part of the research. During the collection of data, a researcher should identify the appropriate method of data collection based on the type and source of the data. If the researcher does not use the proper data collection method, they will encounter many difficulties while gathering the data, which may have an impact on their research. Therefore, the selection of data collection methods should be done with the utmost care. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, collecting face-to-face primary data from the research population was better. But when the social distancing era started, data collection in the traditional way in the field of teacher education became a challenging task for researchers. The researchers used several online data collection methods to deal with these challenges. Therefore, in this paper, researchers tried to identify online data collection methods for conducting the study or investigation in teacher education during the COVID-19 era.

ધીરુબેન પટેલના બાળનાટકોમાં વિષય વૈવિધ્ય

શકુંતલાબેન ચાવડા — 2023-09-13

ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યને મધ્યકાલીન અને અર્વાચીન એમ બે વિભાગમાં વહેંચવામાં આવે છે. મધ્યકાલીનયુગમાં સાહિત્ય મોટેભાગે ધર્મકેન્દ્રી જોવા મળતું હતું. નરસિંહ મહેતાથી માંડી દયારામ સુધીનું સાહિત્ય આપણને પદ્ય સ્વરૂપે અને ધર્મકેન્દ્રી જોવા મળે છે. એ સમયે પદ, રાસ, ફાગુ, આખ્યાન, ગરબી, કાફીઓ જેવા સાહિત્યસ્વરૂપો જોવા મળતાં હતાં. આ યુગમાં માત્ર પદ્યમાં જ રચનાઓ જોવા મળે છે.

અર્વાચીનકાળને સાહિત્ય પ્રમાણે જુદા-જુદા યુગવિભાજનમાં મુકવામાં આવેલ છે. સુધારકયુગ, પંડિતયુગ, ગાંધીયુગ, અનુગાંધીયુગ, આધુનિકયુગ અને અનુઆધુનિકયુગ. ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યમાં દરેક યુગમાં તત્કાલીન પરિસ્થિતિ પ્રમાણે સાહિત્યમાં તેની છાપ જોવા મળે છે. અર્વાચીનયુગમાં ગદ્યમાં સાહિત્ય લખવાની શરૂઆત સુધારકયુગથી થઈ ગઈ હતી. આ યુગમાં વાર્તા, આત્મકથા, નિબંધ, ચરિત્રલેખન, નવલકથા, નાટક વગેરે સાહિત્ય સ્વરૂપો ખેડાયા. આ સાથે બાળસાહિત્ય પણ લખવાની શરૂઆત ધીમે ધીમે થવા લાગી. જેમાં જુદાં જુદાં સ્વરૂપો ખેડાવા લાગ્યા.

ગુજરાતી બાળસાહિત્યને શિશુસાહિત્ય અને બાળસાહિત્ય એમ બે વિભાગ પાડવામાં આવેલ છે. જેમાં બાળકની વયને આધારિત સાહિત્ય લખવામાં આવે છે. તેમાં બાળવાર્તા, બાળકવિતા, બાળચરિત્ર, બાળનિબંધ અને બાળનાટક જેવાં સ્વરૂપો જોવા મળે છે.

નાટકનું એક સ્વરૂપ તે બાળનાટક. નાટક અને બાળ એકમેક સાથે બિંબ-પ્રતિબિંબ સમાન છે. બાળને જોતાં જ એના પ્રત્યેક વર્તનમાં હાવભાવ, ચેષ્ટા અર્થાત અભિનય જણાય છે. બાળક કંઈ વાત કરે છે તો એકલા મોં વડે જ નથી કરતું, તે કંઈ ગીત ગાય છે તો એકલા કંઠ વડે જ નથી ગાતું, તે આઠે અંગ વડે ગાય છે. હાથના વિવિધ હાવભાવથી વાતનો ભાવ પ્રગટ કર્યા વિના એને સંતોષ થતો નથી. ઘટના મુજબ પોતાના કહેવાનો પૂરો ભાવ સમજાવવા તે દોડી બતાવે છે, કુદી બતાવે છે, કંઈક કંઈક ક્રિયાઓને અભિનય કરીને બતાવે છે, આંખોના મચકારા અને ચહેરાના હસવાના ભાવ પણ ઘટના પ્રમાણે ઉમેરતું રહે છે. જાણે કોઈ તાલીમ પામેલ નટ હોય તેમ તેની આંગિક ચેષ્ટાઓ ચાલે છે. આ ચેષ્ટાઓમાં કળા, સૌષ્ઠવ અને સુડોળપણું સારા પ્રમાણમાં આવી જતું હોય છે. નાટ્યાભિનયની રૂઢિઓ અને મુદ્રાઓ તે પોતાના અભિનયમાં ઉતારી ન શકે પરંતુ સ્વકલ્પનાનુસારના કળા-કૌશલ એના અભિનયોમાં આવ્યા વિના રહેતાં નથી. ઘટનાની સાથે અને પાત્રની સાથે તે એટલું એકરૂપ બની જાય છે કે નાટ્યકળા તેના વર્તનમાં કુદરતી રીતે આવી બેસે છે.

નાટકનો વિચાર હંમેશા રંગભૂમિના સંદર્ભે થતો હોય છે. નાટકો ભજવાય છે, ભજવવા માટે હોય છે. તેથી તે રીતે વિચાર થાય એ પણ સ્વાભાવિક છે. પરંતુ તેથી કરીને નાટકો એ સાહિત્ય નથી એવું થોડું છે? ‘કાવ્યેષુ નાટક રમ્ય’ એમ કહીને સાહિત્યમાં રમ્ય તો નાટક જ છે એવી સ્થાપના થઈ છે. વળી, બાળકોના શિક્ષણની દ્રષ્ટીએ પણ બાળનાટકો અત્યંત મહત્વનાં છે.

સામાજિક સમરસતામાં સંત સાહિત્યનું પ્રદાન

હાર્દિક જોષીપુરા — 2023-09-14

ધર્મસંસ્કૃતિના ઉત્કૃષ્ટ આદર્શો, વૈદિક વિચારોનો ભવ્ય વારસો તથા ભકિત, સેવા, અને સમર્પણનો ત્રિવિધ અમૃતપ્રવાહ માનવજીવનને પાવન કરતો રહે તે માટે સંતજનોનું સાહિત્ય અમૂલ્ય યોગદાન ઉપકારક છે. સમતા, ક્ષમા, કરુણા, અહિંસા, અપિરગ્રહ, સત્ય, તિતિક્ષા, પરોપકાર, પ્રેમ ઈત્યાદિ સદ્દમૂલ્યોના આચરણ દ્વારા સંતો માંથી નીપજતું સાહિત્ય માનવતાની મહેંક પ્રસરાવનાર છે. આથી જ સંતજનો સાક્ષાત તીર્થરાજ સમા છે. તેઓનું સાહિત્ય માનવને ધર્માભિમુખ કરીને તથા સ્વકર્તવ્યનું ભાન કરાવીને આધ્યાત્મિક ઉન્નતિ દ્વારા દિવ્ય જીવન તરફ લઈ જઈ માનવને મહાવીર બનાવે છે. સંતસાહિત્ય વગરની પૃથ્વીની કલ્પના કરવી એ પ્રાણ વિનાના દેહની કલ્પના બરાબર છે. ભૌતિક પ્રગતિ અને વૈજ્ઞાનિક શોધખોળો આપણને મૃગજળ સમું આભાસી સુખ તથા સગવડ આપી શકશે પરંતુ સદ્દ્વાંચન, સદ્દ્વિચાર, સદ્આચાર, સદ્દચિંતન, અને સદ્લેખન આપણને સહુને શાશ્વત સુખ અને અલૌકિક શાંતિની પ્રાપ્તિ અર્થે સંતસાહિત્ય માંથી પ્રેરણાના દિવ્ય પુષ્પો મળી રહે છે.

AN APPLICATION OF THREE DIMENSION MODEL OF TWO-WHEELER INDUSTRY FOR ADVERTISING IMPACT

S. S. Gongad — 2023-09-14

Statistical applications are rarely used for conducting research in applied areas. This research is conducting to evaluate an application of three-dimension model for two-wheeler industry and examining the advertising impact on the model. An application of multiple and partial correlation, relative applications on regression model are tested such as collinearity. The results are concluded at the end of the application of model

ભારતીય જ્ઞાન પ્રણાલી ના ગૌરાન્વિત ઈતિહાસ ના પરિપ્રેક્ષ્ય માં તક્ષશિલા તેમજ નાલંદા વિદ્યાપીઠ અંગે પ્રાથમિક સમીક્ષાત્મક રજુઆત

ભાવેશ પ્રભાકર — 2023-09-14

વિદ્વાન હોવું અને રાજા હોવું એમ બંને સરખા નથી, રાજા પોતાના દેશમાં જ પૂજાય છે જ્યારે વિદ્વાન વ્યક્તિ સર્વત્ર પૂજાય છે. આ પ્રકારના વિચારો ભારતીય જ્ઞાન પરંપરા નું મહત્વ દર્શાવે છે. શિક્ષણની સફર ગુરુકુલ અને આશ્રમથી શરૂ થઈ ઉન્નતિ કરી વિશ્વવિદ્યાલયમાં પરિવર્તન પામ્યું. પ્રાચીન ભારતમાં શિક્ષણના પ્રમુખ કેન્દ્ર તરીકે તક્ષશિલા અને નાલંદા વિદ્યાપીઠ ખૂબ જ પ્રખ્યાત હતા. આ વિદ્યાપીઠો એ ભારતીય શિક્ષણને આંતરરાષ્ટ્રીય સ્વરૂપ આપ્યું હતું અને ભારતીય વિચારધારા અને સંસ્કૃતિનો પ્રચાર પ્રસાર પણ કર્યું હતું. તક્ષશિલા વિદ્યાપીઠ માં રાજનીતિ, શસ્ત્ર વિજ્ઞાન, આયુર્વેદ, વિધિ જ્ઞાન, વ્યાકરણ વગેરે મુખ્ય વિષય શીખવવામાં આવતા હતા અહીં વિશેષજ્ઞતા માટે જ વિદ્યાર્થીઓ આવતા હતા જાયરે નાલંદા વિદ્યાપીઠ માં બૌદ્ધ ધર્મની મહાયાન શાખાનું શિક્ષણ, યોગ, ચિકિત્સા, વેદ, ગણિત વગેરે નું શિક્ષણ પણ આપવામાં આવતું હતું, ભારતની સુપ્રસિદ્ધ નાલંદા વિદ્યાપીઠને ૮૦૦ વર્ષ પછી તેનો પુનઃઆરંભ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે.

THE OLD AGE AND DEATH – THE DEEPEST CRITICAL THOUGHT

Gautam Makwana — 2023-09-14

The elderly were shielded by the depersonalization of medicine brought on by individualism and competitiveness. As they get closer to the end of their lives, older patients frequently need to make peace with themselves and acknowledge their accomplishments and shortcomings. Medical professionals should therefore be considerate while speaking with patients and providing them with information. The terror of the elderly is not death itself, but rather their current state of abandonment. Death denial and terror are nonsensical because life is only given with the condition that it will end one day. In this context, the objectives of medical care are to accompany and lessen pain, not necessarily to provide therapies that attempt to extend biological life. Today's world has undergone significant changes as a result of the denial of death, which directly affect how those who are terminally ill are cared for. There has also been a significant change in how terminally ill persons pass away. This essay offers a succinct history of death as well as a look at some of the religious teachings on pain and death. It also talks on how the medicalization of death stops the dying person from communicating with their surroundings, paying off debts, forgiving and receiving forgiveness, and being fully himself in the short time they have left. This essay concludes that the correct function for a doctor to play is to ‘listen’ to what the patient needs. By doing this, the doctor's profession will become a more magnificent, decent, humane, and ennobling activity.

AN APPLICATION OF POOLED REGRESSION MODEL OF TWO-WHEELER INDUSTRY FOR ADVERTISING IMPACT

S. S. Gongad — 2023-09-14

Statistical applications are rarely used for conducting research in applied areas. This research is conducting to evaluate an application of pooled regression model for two-wheeler industry and examining the advertising impact on the model. An application of multiple and partial correlation, relative applications on regression model are tested such as collinearity. The results are concluded at the end of the application of model.

A STUDY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TATA CONSULTANCY LIMITED

Mehulkumar Chauhan — 2023-09-14

The global economy may be expanding, but the Indian software industry is still expanding at a steady rate. As part of the larger business finance role, financial analysis entails looking at historical data to learn more about a company's present and future financial health. IT has a great potential to be an engine of accelerated economic growth, efficiency, improvement for all economic sectors, strengthening India's export market position, reducing trade deficit, and a tool for effective governance. It improves access to information, safeguards consumers, offers access to government services, increases the effectiveness of skill development and training, enhances the liberation of health services, and encourages simplicity. According to the results of the current study, Tata Consultancy Services underwent "A study on financial condition and performance analysis with special reference to Tata Consultancy Services" during a five-year period from 2017–2018 to 2021–2022. The information was taken from the company's annual reports, and books and journals were used to gain more pertinent material. The researcher used Tata Consultancy Services for their study in order to understand the financial ratio in the IT sector. The purpose of this research paper is to determine the financial stability of "TATA CONSULTANCY SERVICES" by analysing the data with the aid of various accounting and statistical approaches.

A COMPARISON OF PATHAYA AND APATHYA RULES AMONG HYP, GS AND YTU

Sarangi Kaneriya — 2023-09-14

Hatha Yoga Pradeepika (HYP), Gherand Samhita (GS) and Yogattvopanishad (YTU) are very profound ‘WE ARE WHAT WE EAT’ Diet is an important aspect of our daily life. Life can not be sustained without adequate nourishment. Food has been much insisted upon by the scriptures of Hinduism, as the Physical, Mental and Spiritual. The present time science of food about nourishment has little, if any, knowledge about the contribution of food towards mental culture. It emphasizes merely the physical well-being. Yoga teaches us that the cause of disease is due to Under (Ajirnatvam), Over (Atijirnatvam), Wrong (Kujirnatvam) digestion.

Yoga also teaches about the approach to food, the types of food as well as the importance of timing and moderation in diet. Pathya (wholesome diet and regimen) is defined as the Ahara (Diet) and Vihara (regimen) that give proper nutrition to body and mind, clear the micro channels of Body (Pantha/Marga/Srotas), and provide happiness; that opposite is Apathya (unwholesome diet and regimen).

THE SUBJECTIVE STRUCTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGE AND AGING

Gautam Makwana — 2023-09-14

Middle Age and Aging is a collection of behavioral scientists' research on aging, focusing on social and psychological adaptations for individuals in their second half of life. It highlights age-status, age-sex roles, psychological changes, social-psychological theories, attitudes towards health, family roles, work, retirement, leisure, and cultural settings. The suggestion suggests studying middle age as a distinct life stage with distinctive characteristics, drawing social science attention to its adaptability and plasticity, focusing on context, culture, biological growth, and individual development. Middle age, a social concept influenced by life expectancy growth, has significantly altered human life, including sexuality, gender roles, and life phases, necessitating the creation of an analytical category.

GENDER-SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES IN PARENTING: EXPLORING ATTITUDES TOWARDS GENDER-RESPONSIVE PARENTING

Malvika Kamdar — 2023-09-14

This article delves into the topic of gender-specific differences in parenting and examines the importance of adopting a gender-responsive parenting approach. Parenting practices have traditionally been influenced by gender roles and stereotypes, with mothers and fathers often adopting distinct styles in raising their children. However, with changing societal norms and a deeper understanding of gender dynamics, the concept of gender-responsive parenting has emerged.

The article reviews existing research on communication patterns, discipline styles, and gender stereotypes prevalent in parenting. It highlights that mothers tend to emphasize emotional expression and communication, while fathers may lean towards more authoritative and disciplinary methods. Moreover, parents inadvertently perpetuate gender stereotypes by assigning gender-specific activities and expectations to their children.

The article underscores the significance of challenging traditional gender norms and promoting gender-inclusive parenting practices. By encouraging open communication and emotional expression in both boys and girls, parents can foster empathy and emotional intelligence. An equitable division of household and caregiving responsibilities is also crucial in nurturing healthier parent-child relationships.

The study emphasizes the need for parents to adopt a gender-responsive approach, breaking away from rigid gender stereotypes, and allowing children the freedom to express themselves authentically. By understanding and embracing gender-responsive parenting, we can create a more inclusive and accepting society where all children can flourish, irrespective of their gender. The article concludes with practical recommendations to help parents adopt gender-responsive parenting strategies effectively.

રાવજી પટેલની કવિતામાં ‘સૂર્ય’ અને ‘તમાકુ’નું પ્રતીક અને કલ્પન

બિપિન ચૌધરી — 2023-09-14

આધુનિકતાનો અભિનિવેશ કુદરતી રીતે જ કોઈ કવિના સર્જનમાં પ્રગટ્યો હોય તો તે છે રાવજી પટેલ. રાવજી છોટાલાલ પટેલ ડાકોર પાસેના વલ્લભપુરા ગામનો વતની. તેમનું સાહિત્ય સર્જન નવલકથા, કવિતા અને વાર્તાઓ જેવા સ્વરૂપોમાં પ્રાપ્ત થાય છે. સર્જક રાવજીએ લગભગ ઈ.સ. ૧૯૬૦થી લેખન – સર્જનનો શુભારંભ કર્યો અને ઈ.સ. ૧૯૬૮માં ક્ષયની બીમારીને લીધે જીવવાની ઉંમરે આ કવિ અનંતની વાટે ચાલ્યો ગયો. તેમણે માંડ એક દસકો સાહિત્ય સર્જન કર્યું પણ જેટલું પણ સર્જન કર્યું તે ગુણવત્તા સભર છે. નવલકથા ‘અશ્રુઘર’ (૧૯૬૫), ‘ઝંઝા’ (૧૯૬૬), કાવ્યસંગ્રહ ‘અંગત’ (૧૯૭૧) અને અધૂરી નવલકથા ‘વૃતિ’ અને તેમની ટૂંકીવાર્તાઓ ‘વૃતિ અને વાર્તા’નામે ઈ.સ. ૧૯૭૭માં પ્રકાશિત થઈ. રાવજી પટેલે એકાંકી લખવાના અધકચરા પ્રયત્નો કરેલા.

A REVIEW OF COVID 19’s EFFECT ON HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM SECTORS IN INDIA DURING PANDEMIC PERIOD

Vasant Harijan — 2023-09-14

The hospitality and tourism industry is considered as a backbone for growth of any economy, especially in developing countries like India. COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost every industry in the world, however its adverse impact on the hospitality and tourism sector have been unseen or unheard before. In India, the hotels and hospitality sector has heavily declined in the first quarter of 2020 because COVID-19 has impacted various segments of this sector. The nationwide lockdown has closed hotel and travel sectors, which block all their earnings sources of the industries. To come out from this horrible situation, hotels and tourism sector of India has to frame new strategies in the near term and prepare for the future. From the various study, it has been noted that hospitality and tourism sector of India has affected significantly due to COVID-19. The industry has shown large-scale cancellations of travel bookings and hotel accommodations. A notable number of workers of the industries had lost their jobs due to this crisis. Economy of the country as well as individuals were affected adversely due to this pandemic. Present paper evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 (Corona virus disease-2019) pandemic in India’s hospitality and tourism industries during COVID-19 outbreak period with comparison with normal situation.

ભારતમાં ઉચ્ચ શિક્ષણમાં વિવિધ વિદ્યાશાખા અનુસાર સ્નાતક કક્ષાએ કુલ નોંધણી દર અંગેનો એક દાયકા નો અભ્યાસ

મયૂરભાઈ મેર — 2023-09-14

શિક્ષણ એ બધાજ ભારતીય નગરિકોનો અધિકાર છે. જ્યારે આજ શિક્ષણને જુદા જુદા સ્તરની અંદર વિભાજિત કરવામાં આવ્યું છે. જેમાં પ્રાથમિક, માધ્યમિક, ઉચ્ચ માધ્યમિક, સ્નાતક, અનુસ્નાતક, વગેરેમાં... જ્યારે આજ શિક્ષણ માટે જુદા જુદા રાજ્યોમાં જુદો જુદો નોંધણી દર જોવા મળે છે. જેમાં પ્રસ્તુત અભ્યાસ ભારતમાં ઉચ્ચ શિક્ષણમાં વિવિધ વિદ્યાશાખા અનુસાર સ્નાતક કક્ષાએ કુલ નોંધણી દર અંગેનો એક દાયકાનો અભ્યાસ કરવામાં આવ્યો છે. જેમાં વર્ષ 2011-12 થી 2020-21 દરમ્યાન પુરુષોનો હિસ્સો 50.54% જ્યારે મહિલાઓનો હિસ્સો 49.46% જોવા મળ્યો છે. જ્યારે આ દાયકા દરમ્યાન વિદ્યાર્થીઓમાં પુરુષોનો વૃધ્ધિ દર 0.03% રહ્યો છે જ્યારે મહિલાઓમાં વૃદ્ધિ 0.04% ના દરે થાય છે. જ્યારે બન્નેનો સંયુક્ત વૃધ્ધિ 0.04% દરે થયેલ જોવા મળે છે. જ્યારે રાજ્ય મુજબ જોઈએ તો સ્નાતક કક્ષાએ વર્ષ 2020-21 દરમ્યાન ઉચ્ચ GER ધરાવતા રાજ્યમાં તમિલનાડુ છે. જ્યારે ઓછો GER ધરાવતા રાજ્યમાં બિહાર છે.

ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય અને મહાભારત

રઘુભાઇ પટેલ — 2023-09-28

ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યના ઉદભવકાળથી માંડી આજ સુધીના સાહિત્ય પર મહાભારતની અસર વિશેષ પ્રમાણમાં જોવા મળે છે. મહાભારતમાંથી ગુજરાતી ભાષામાં ઘણા બધા અનુવાદો-રૂપાંતરો થયેલા છે. તથા મહાભારતના પ્રસંગોને આધારે ઘણી બધી મૌલિક કૃતિઓની રચના થયેલી પણ જોઇ શકાય છે. પંદરમી સદીમાં થઇ ગયેલા કવિ ભાલણે મહાભારત આધારિત ‘નલાખ્યાન’ નામે કૃતિ રચીને ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યમાં સૌપ્રથમ મૌલિક આખ્યાનની રચના કરી છે. સોળમી સદીમાં થઇ ગયેલા કવિ નાકરે સૌપ્રથમ મહાભારતના નવ પર્વોનો ગુજરાતી ભાષામાં અનુવાદ કર્યો છે. સત્તરમી સદીમાં થઇ ગયેલ પ્રેમાનંદના નામે ‘નલાખ્યાન’ કૃતિ પ્રાપ્ત થાય છે. તો વળી જૈન કવિ સમયસુંદરે ‘નલ-દમયંતીરાસ’ નામના કાવ્યની રચના કરેલી છે.

LIQUIDITY AND PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE SELECTED AUTOMOBILE COMPANIES OF INDIA

Jaydeep Ramanuj — 2023-09-28

Liquidity and profitability ratios are very vital indicators of the company’s performance for the short- and long-term view. Continuing profit help for the future growth of the company and liquidity proves the smooth running of the business on a short-term basis. In this study selected Automobile companies of India are used for the analysis. The purpose of the study is to find out the liquidity and profitability performance of companies. And to check relationship between liquidity and profitability of selected companies. For the purpose of the study three companies are selected from the Automobile sector which are Maruti Suzuki India Ltd., Tata Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. The data is collected from annual report of selected companies. The study period is for 10 years. From 2013-14 to 2022-23. For the analysis two statistical techniques arithmetic mean and regression analysis are used. From the analysis it has been observed that in liquidity ratio, Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. Performed better than Maruti Suzuki India Ltd and Tata Motors Ltd. while in profitability ratio Maruti Suzuki India Ltd. Performed better than Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd and Tata Motors Ltd. The study concludes that there is no statistically significant relationship between the liquidity ratio and profitability ratio.

APPLICATION OF NEMATODE DERIVED ENZYMES IN INDUSTRIES-A REVIEW

Hitesh Chauhan — 2023-09-28

A nematode is a roundworm, a member of the phylum Nematoda. They are the most abundant multicellular animals on Earth, with over 28,000 known species. Nematodes can be found in almost all environments, including soil, water, plants, animals, and even the human body. There are many enzymes that have been derived from nematodes like Cellulase, Amylase, Pectinase, Lignin Digesting enzymes, Hemicellulase etc. These enzymes are important for a variety of industrial and agricultural applications. They are used to make food, paper, biofuels, and bioplastics. They are also used to improve the digestibility of plant material for livestock. These enzymes are essential for the breakdown of plant cell walls, which makes it possible to use these materials for a variety of purposes. Cellulase is used to make biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel. It is also used to make paper, textiles, and bioplastics. Amylase is used to make bread, beer, and other food products. It is also used to make industrial chemicals, such as glucose syrup and starch acetate. Pectinase is used to make fruit juices and wine. It is also used to make textiles and other industrial products. Lignin-digesting enzymes are used to make paper, biofuels, and bioplastics. They are also used to treat soil contamination and to improve the digestibility of plant material for livestock. Hemicellulase is used to make food, paper, and biofuels. It is also used to improve the digestibility of plant material for livestock.

A STUDY OF SOME OBSERVATIONS OF FDI RULES AND POLICY ON E‐COMMERCE IN INDIA

Bhawna Koli — 2023-09-28

This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) rules and policies and the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce in India. The study aims to analyze the impact of FDI regulations on the growth, competitiveness, and structure of the Indian e-commerce sector. By examining historical developments, policy shifts, and their consequences, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between FDI and e-commerce in the Indian context.

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIOXIDANT ASSAY OF PLANT STROBILANTHES DYERIANA MAST

Mayuree Rana — 2023-09-28

Strobilanthes dyeriana Mast. is ever green, tropical shrub belonging to family Acanthaceae. It is ornamental plants grown for its metallic – purple stripes radiating from the middle of the vein and for its foliage that is dark green colours. In present study, the effects of three different solvents such as methanol, acetone and aqueous were investigated to determine the presence of phytochemicals , total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant assay and FT-IR assay in leaves of Strobilanthes dyeriana Mast. The result concluded that flavonoids, tannins, phenols, proteins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides are present in leaves extracts. In TPC, the highest content was observed in methanol extract of leaves and lowest content was observed in aqueous extract of leaves while in TFC, the highest content was observed in acetone extract of leaves and lowest content was observed in methanol extract of leaves. In DPPH assay, the maximum IC₅₀value was founded in methanol (636.163 µg/ml) and lowest in aqueous extract (198.716 µg/ml).

ADJUSTMENT OF ADOLESCENCE IN RELATION TO GENDER

Sonal Shah — 2023-09-28

Adjustment is ongoing process where persons keep adjusting their behavior according to the needs and circumstances of the environment. This helps to balance between one’s needs and desires. Adjustment is the challenge for each and every living being and more challenging for the adolescent. Since it is the rapid phase of growth and development of their physical, emotions and sexual. Most of adolescence faced difficulty in adjusting themselves socially, educationally and emotionally into their day-to-day life. The aim of the present research was to study the emotional adjustment, social adjustment and educational adjustment of male and female adolescents in relation to gender. The sample consisted of 120 adolescents that was collected from different school of Ahmedabad city. 60 males and 60 females from age group of 14 years to 18 years were selected. Here gender was taken as an independent variable whereas different areas of adjustment such as emotional adjustment, social adjustment and educational adjustment were taken as dependent variables. For data collection, an adjustment inventory for school students by A.K. Sinha and R.P. Singh was used. To analyze the data, a ‘t’ test was used. Results indicate that significant differences were found between male and female adolescents in relation to emotional, social, educational, and adjustment.

PRELIMINARY SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF MUSHROOMS ALONG WITH FTIR ANALYSIS

Hiral Chaudhary — 2023-09-28

The present study mainly focused on identifying the efficiency of polypore mushrooms and exploring their medicinal value. In this experiment, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of three mushrooms Trametes pubescens (Schumach.) Pilat, Spongipellis pachyodon (Pers.) Kotl. & Pouzar and Inonotus hispidus (Bull.) P. Karst. were tested along with their qualitative and quantitative analysis. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic crude extracts were determined using the Frap assay (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and agar well diffusion method respectively. The methanolic extracts of all three mushrooms revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides. The antioxidant activity of Trametes pubescens, Spongipellis pachyodon, and Inonotus hispidus found to be 19.83±0.5, 38.5±0.8 and 39.5± 0.9 mg Fe (Ⅱ)/g of sample, respectively. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Psuedomonas species. The inhibition zone was measured, in which all three species show maximum inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The correlation coefficient showed a positive relationship between total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (r = 0.9). The Fourier Transformed infrared (FTIR) profiling indicates the presence of functional groups in these species for its pharmaceutical activities.

‘સમુદ્રાન્તિકે’ નવલકથા પર્યાવરણીય પરિપ્રેક્ષ્યમાં

Hemil Bihola — 2023-09-28

‘સમુદ્રાન્તિકે’ ધ્રુવ ભટ્ટ દ્વારા લખાયેલી નવલકથા છે. ધ્રુવ ભટ્ટની પ્રથમ નવલકથા ‘અગ્નિકન્યા’ હતી. ત્યાર પછી તેમણે ‘સમુદ્રાન્તિકે’, ‘તત્ત્વમસિ’, ‘કર્ણલોક’, ‘અકૂપાર’, ‘લવલી પાનહાઉસ’ અને ‘અતરાપી’ નવલકથાઓ આપી છે. ધ્રુવ ભટ્ટની ઘણી નવલકથાઓની વિશેષતા તેમના પ્રાકૃતિક પરિવેશમાં રહેલી છે. ‘સમુદ્રાન્તિકે’ નવલકથામાં ભાવનગર પાસેના સમુદ્ર કિનારાનો પરિવેશ છે, ‘તત્ત્વમસિ’માં નર્મદા અને તેના કાંઠા પરના જંગલોનો પરિવેશ છે તો ‘અકૂપાર’માં ગીરના જંગલોનો પરિવેશ છે. આમ પ્રકૃતિ – પર્યાવરણ એ લેખકની રુચિનો વિષય છે તે જણાઈ આવે છે.

‘કૂવો’-નવલકથામાં નારીનું સંઘર્ષી જીવન

Pravin Vajir — 2023-11-16

અનુઆધુનિક યુગમાં દલિત ચેતના અને નારી ચેતનાને વિકસવાનો બહોળો અવકાશ પ્રાપ્ત થયો છે. પરંતુ નારીવાદી ન હોવા છતાં નારીકેન્દ્રી હોય તેવી સબળ નવલકથાઓ ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યને પ્રમાણમાં ઓછી સાંપડી છે. ‘કૂવો’ નવલકથા એવા સમયમાં એક સીમાસ્તંભ બની રહી છે, ને એજ રીતે “સૌથી વરવી સ્થિતિ ભારતના ખેડૂતોની છે. ગોદાનનો પ્રભાવ ગુજરાતી સર્જકોએ ઝીલ્યો નથી. આવી પરિસ્થિતિ વચાળે નારી વિમર્શની સાથોસાથ કિસાન વિમર્શનું નિદર્શન પૂરું પાડતી નવલકથા ‘કૂવો’ નું ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યમાં પ્રગટવું આશ્વાસિત છે.

શિક્ષણમાં સાહિત્ય અને સાહિત્યમાં શિક્ષણ

Aziz Chhrecha — 2023-11-16

ધર્મનું સ્મારક મંદિર ,ન્યાય નામની ઘટનાનું સ્મારક ન્યાયાલય ,ગુનાનું સ્મારક કેદખાનું ,નશાનું સ્મારક શરાબ -ખાનું ,કામાસકિતનું સ્મારક વેષ્યાગૃહ તેમ શિક્ષણનું સ્મારક??!!.... 'નિશાળ' માત્ર ન થઈ શકે. શિક્ષણનું સાચું સ્મારક મારી દ્રષ્ટિએ તો સાહિત્ય થઈ શકે .ગાંધીજીના કોઈપણ સ્મારકો ગમે તેટલા બને કે પછી ગમે તેટલા ભવ્ય હોય તો પણ આખાને આખા ગાંધીને સમાવી શકે ખરા?? પણ ' સત્યના પ્રયોગો ' , ' ગાંધીજીનો અક્ષરદેહ ', ' હિંદ સ્વરાજ ' , ' અનાસક્તિયોગ ' વગેરે જેવા ગાંધી સાહિત્યથી જ ગાંધીજીને સમાવી શકાય , સમજી શકાય , જાણી શકાય ;આવો અનન્ય સંબંધ છે સાહિત્ય અને શિક્ષણનો. - ઈ. સ.૧૮૭૧માં થયેલા ફ્રાન્સ અને જર્મની વચ્ચેના યુદ્ધમાં ફ્રેંચ હાર્યા જર્મન જીત્યા. તેના કારણો શોધાયા તેમાં એક એવું પણ કારણ હતું કે જર્મનોના શિક્ષણમાં તેમની સાહિત્યકૃતિઓ ખૂબ પ્રેરણાદાયી છે જેથી કરીને તેઓ જીત્યા.શિક્ષણ અને સાહિત્ય એ પરસ્પર એકબીજાને માટે સાપેક્ષ અને નિરપેક્ષ રીતે જોડાયેલા છે.

INNOVATIONS AND NEW REFORMS IN TEACHER EDUCATION: ADAPTING TO VISION OF NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (NEP) 2020

Minhajullah Maseeh — 2023-11-16

National education policy 2020 is the first education policy of 21^st century in India, that is Bharat, which contains comprehensive framework for many changes in the field of teacher education. It explores the evolving landscape of teacher training and development, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to better prepare educators for the challenges of the 21st century. Teacher education is vital in creating a pool of schoolteachers that will shape the next generation (National Education Policy, 2020). Placing the teacher at the heart of fundamental educational reforms is imperative. Innovations in teacher education are not just about adjusting to policy changes; they're about equipping educators with the tools, knowledge, and mindset needed to shape the future of education in India. The aims of which is comprehensively improve the Indian teacher education system and to prepare a better and dedicated professionals in the field. The vision of new education policy 2020 is to convert the existing teacher education institution into multidisciplinary institutions by 2030. So that trainee teachers can get high quality material, pedagogy, training and research experience. In the new education policy, special focus has been given towards teacher education field and their education. The present paper delves into the dynamic evolution of teacher training and development, highlighting the pressing demand for innovative approaches in preparing educators to address the unique challenges of the 21st century. Overall this paper outlines that possibilities of changes, innovations and new reforms in the field of teacher education in the near future, as per the national education policy 2020.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) R. WILCZEK)

Krishna Desai — 2023-11-16

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is versatile crop mainly grown in subtropical regions with wide-ranging agricultural and nutritional benefits. Despite being the largest producer in the world, the productivity of mungbean is well below in India due to limited morphological variability observed in working collection of mungbean. In the present investigation, we have conducted morphological characterization and multivariate analysis to explore the genetic diversity among the 26 genotypes of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). These 26 accessions of mungbean procured from the Pulses Research Station, SDAU, Gujarat, and local markets were grown for evaluation in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during June to August 2021. Morphological observations recorded at different stages of life for the grown genotypes. Significant variations observed in morphological traits of different genotypes. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis discriminated following genotypes such as VM, GM-6, SKNM-1608, SKNM-1701, SKNM-1704, SKNM-1801, SKNM-1802, SKNM-1806, and SKNM-1808 based on the morphological observations noted above. These genotypes can be recommended to use as parent for further plant breeding programmes to develop new variety and conduct field trials for different locations and climates.

RELEVANCE OF ORIENTATION PROGRAMMES AND REFRESHER COURSES

Vaibhav Gallani — 2023-11-16

Teaching is one of the most noble professions one can have. Teachers are the bridge between the students and the institution, as they try to disseminate the information to the students making them ready to stand in the competitive world and thereby achieve the goals of the educational institution. It becomes essential for the teachers to have continuous upgradation and professional development to cultivate teaching efficiently and effectively. While this article focuses on the importance of Orientation Programmes(OP) and Refresher Courses (RC) for the overall development of the teachers and profession. It mentions several reasons for Understanding Educational Culture, Networking, etc. which motivate the teachers to attend the programmes, and on the other side, it lists out the benefits been given to parts of the society i.e. students, teachers, and the educational institution.

A REVIEW ON STUDY OF ANTHOCYANINS AND THEIR DIFFERENT HEALTH BENEFITS

Mayuree Rana — 2023-11-16

Anthocyanins are natural occurring pigment. Anthocyanins belong to category of flavonoids which are water – soluble found in a variety of fruits and vegetables. In fruits, vegetables, and cereals, anthocyanins are the pigments which give them their red, violet, and blue colours for example purple and red berries, plums, grapes, cabbage, apples, etc., and other food. Because of high level of anthocyanins, it used as natural colorants. Anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds produced by the phenylpropanoid route known as anthocyanidin glucosides. The six most prevalent anthocyanidins are cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and pelargonidin. Plants are shielded from oxidizers by several phenolic hydroxyl groups present in the structure anthocyanins. This review paper shows the different activity and properties shown by the anthocyanins which are used to cure the diseases. they done many antioxidants activity by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy), antimicrobial activity done by gram-positive bacterial test cultures, TNF-stimulated expression of the endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 was used to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of various PASs.

વેદોમાં નિરુપિત વિજ્ઞાન

Raghubhai Patel — 2023-11-16

ભારતીય પરંપરામાં વેદને હંમેશાં અપૌરુષેય માનવામાં આવે છે. બધા ઋષિ-મુનિઓ, આચાર્યો તેમજ વિવેચકો વેદને બ્રહ્મમાંથી નિ:સૃત માને છે. તેમના મતે સૃષ્ટિના આરંભે માનવની ઉત્પત્તિ થઇ ત્યારે તેના માર્ગદર્શન તથા સર્વપ્રકારે વિકાસ-કલ્યાણ અને સુખ-સમૃદ્ધિને માટે સર્વવ્યાપક તેમજ સર્વશક્તિમાન્ ઇશ્વરે પોતે વેદોનો ઉપદેશ આપ્યો હતો. નિરુક્તમાં કહ્યું છે - साक्षात्कृत्धर्माण: ऋषय: बभूव: । અર્થાત્ વેદમંત્રોને આત્મસાત કરનારા, સાક્ષાત્ દર્શન કરનારા ઋષિઓ થઇ ગયા. માનવની ભૌતિક તથા આધ્યાત્મિક પ્રગતિ અને ઉન્નતિને માટે સર્વપ્રકારનું આવશ્યક જ્ઞાન-વિજ્ઞાન વેદોમાં સમાવિષ્ટ છે, એ બાબત નિ:શંક છે.

પ્રિયજન: સાચા બે પ્રેમીઓની અકબંધ જીવનકથા

Pravinbhai Vajir — 2023-11-16

‘પ્રિયજન’ નવલકથાની શરૂઆત કથા નાયિકા પ્રૌઢા ચારુથી થાય છે. નિકેતને ઘણા વર્ષો પછી મળતાં તે પોતાના અતીતને વર્તમાનની સાથે ટુકડે ટુકડે રજૂ કરે છે. નિકેતના આગમન પૂર્વે ચારુ બારીમાંથી દરિયાનું દ્રશ્ય જોતી હોય છે તેમાં તે તેના ભૂતકાળ અને વર્તમાન આ બે સમયખંડોમાં વિભાજીત જીવનને જુએ છે. આ દરિયો નિકેતને ખૂબ ગમતો પણ “બારીમાંથી દેખાતું દરિયાનું દ્રશ્ય અહીં બે ભાગમાં વહેંચાઈ જાય છે. દિવાકરે આંગણામાં વાવેલું સરુનું વૃક્ષ વચ્ચે આવે છે અને દરિયો બે ભાગમાં વહેંચાઈ જાય છે.”

'પ્લેગ' કૃતિમાં રજૂ થતો માનવ જીવન-સંઘષૅ

Asha Shah — 2023-11-16

પ્લેગ કૃતિના મૂળ સર્જક આલ્બેર કામૂ છે. તેમનો જન્મ ઈ.સ. ૧૯૧૩માં થયો હતો. 4 જાન્યુઆરી ઈ.સ. ૧૯૬૦ના રોજ એક મોટર અકસ્માતમાં અકાળે તેમનું અવસાન થયું. પ્લેગએ મૂળ ફ્રેંચ ભાષામાં લખાયેલી નવલકથા છે. આ નવલકથા ઈ.સ.૧૯૪૭માં પ્રગટ થઈ હતી. તે પણ ફ્રેન્ચ ભાષામાં ત્યાર પછી ઈ.સ.૧૯૪૮માં અંગ્રેજીમાં એટલે કે ઇંગ્લિશમાં પ્રગટ થઈ હતી. આ નવલકથાનો ગુજરાતીમાં અનુવાદ રાજેન્દ્ર જોશીએ કર્યો છે. ઈ.સ.૧૯૯૮માં તેમને અનુવાદ કરેલો છે.

મણિલાલ હ. પટેલની જાતીયતાપરક વાર્તાઓ

Bipinkumar Chaudhari — 2023-11-16

મણિલાલ હ. પટેલ જાણીતા કવિ, નિબંધકાર, નવલકથાકાર અને વિવેચક છે. વાર્તાકાર તરીકે પણ નામના ધરાવે છે. તેમની સર્જક પ્રતિભાને ‘ધનજી- કાનજી સુવર્ણચંદ્રક’, ‘નર્મદ સુવર્ણચંદ્રક’, ‘ગુજરાત ગૌરવ પુરસ્કાર’ વગેરે એવોર્ડ અને પુરસ્કારથી સન્માનિત કરવામાં આવ્યી છે. સર્જક મણિલાલ પટેલ શૈશવકાળથી લેખનની પ્રવૃતિ સાથે સંકળાયેલા છે. અધ્યાપક તરીકે ફરજ બજાવતાં ઇડર અને ત્યાર બાદ પણ તેમની વાર્તાલેખન પ્રવૃતિ ચાલુ રહી છે. તેમની પાસેથી ‘રાતવાસો’, ‘હેલી’, ‘બાપાનો છેલ્લો કાગળ’, ‘સુધા અને બીજી વાતો’ વગેરે વાર્તાસંગ્રહો મળે છે. ઈ.સ.૧૯૮૮થી ઈ.સ.૨૦૦૮ સુધીનાં વર્ષો દરમિયાન તેમની લગભગ સિત્તેર જેટલી વાર્તાઓ પ્રગટ થયેલી છે. છ જેટલા વાર્તાસંગ્રહ અને અનેક ચયનો સંપાદનોમાં તેમની વાર્તાઓ સ્થાન પામી છે. હિન્દી –અંગ્રેજી, મરાઠી, કન્નડ ભાષામાં અનુવાદો પણ થયા છે. ગુજરાત સાહિત્ય અકાદમી, ગાંધીનગરની ‘કથાભાવન શ્રેણી’ અંતર્ગત વાર્તાકાર મણિલાલ હ. પટેલે સ્વ-સર્જનમાંથી ‘ચૂંટેલી વાર્તાઓ મણિલાલ હ .પટેલ’ને આધારે જાતીયતા પરક વાર્તાઓ તપાસવાનો ઉપક્રમ પ્રસ્તુત લેખમાં છે.

EFFICACY OF ANTENATAL YOGA FOR IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY OF LIFE – A PILOT STUDY

Sujata Cowlagi — 2023-11-20

Pregnancy is a unique phase in the life of a woman. This exciting and vulnerable time initiates many changes at a physical, psychological, and emotional level. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of integrated yogic practices on the quality of life among pregnant women. For this pilot study, we enrolled 20 pregnant women who were between 9 and 25 weeks at gestation. Single group pre-post design was used. An integrated yoga module specially developed for antenatal conditions was administered over a 12-week integrated yoga module to the participants. Quality of Life Scale was used as a tool of assessment. Data was collected at base and at the end of 12 weeks after the protocol was administered. Paired sample T-test was applied using SPSS software to analyze this data. Statistical analysis of the data collected, demonstrated that value of t test was 3.177 which was significant at 0.01 level The findings showed that yoga intervention was efficacious in improving the Quality of Life. No adverse effects of yoga were observed among those who practiced yoga during pregnancy. The results demonstrate that antenatal yoga may be an effective intervention to enhance quality of life. More rigorous studies over a longer duration with larger sample sizes would be required to establish a definitive connection between yoga intervention and quality of life among antenatal cohort.

A STUDY OF STRATEGIC MOVES OF GUJARAT: INDUSTRIAL PARKS, INDUSTRIAL ESTATES AND SEZS

M Prajapati — 2023-11-30

“Stupid if you are not in Gujarat^[1]”these words of Ratan Tata to the investors indicates the importance Gujarat has achieved in Industrial progress. Strategies adopted to attract industries and new business by Gujarat is subject for research. one of its strategy related to industrial parks, Industrial Estate and Special Economic Zones(SEZs) is tried to explore in this paper.

In emerging competitive business world, strategy for locational advantages has entered into the new level of business and industrial planning which have brought many interesting perspective and frameworks at the region, industry and firm level. Seeing competitiveness from competence point of view, role of factors, internal as well external to the firms such as firm’s strategy, structures, competencies and capabilities, government assistance and other tangible resources lead to competitive success of a firm. This is acknowledged as Resource Based View towards competitiveness. Location decision of a firm is subject to researches and literature advocates that location can be a contributing factor to the competitiveness of a firm.

The impact of location on the firm performance has been the subject for research and Industrial Parks, Industrial Estates and special economic zones(SEZ), as a specialised location, have provided ease to use business location along with advance infrastructure and other facilities to enhance competitiveness at the regional level.

Industrial Parks, Estates and SEZs have emerged as a popular strategy adopted by various developing regions like as Gujarat to increase their trade competitiveness and to attract various Industries. The ever increasing competition has also put firms on a look out to find new methods and strategies to remain competitive and to survive in these turbulent periods of time.

EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF EMPOWERING LEADERSHIP AND TURNOVER INTENTION: A META-ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE (2011-2021)

Lt. Bhupinder — 2023-12-07

This meta-analysis explores the relationship between Empowering Leadership and Turnover Intention from 2011 to 2021. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, six studies (k=06) were meticulously selected, and the Random Effects Model was applied for analysis. Results show a consistent negative correlation (r=-0.32), emphasizing the strategic role of Empowering Leadership in reducing turnover intentions. Confidence intervals, prediction intervals, low heterogeneity (I²: 0.00%), and non-significant publication bias support result robustness. Our findings guide organizational leaders in fostering a culture of Empowering Leadership for enhanced commitment and stability amidst talent retention challenges.