EXAMINING TRADITIONAL CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN THE AFAR COMMUNITY: THE ROLE OF BIDU SULTANATE

Abstract

This study explores the traditional conflict management and resolution mechanisms among the Afar people, with a particular focus on the Bidu Sultanate in the Afar regional state, northern zonal woreda. The research aims to describe the power hierarchy involved in traditional rituals to overcome conflicts, the mandate of the sultanate in controlling conflicts, and the processes of resolving various types of conflicts within the Afar community. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing ethnographic tools such as observations, Key Informant Interviews, and Focus Group Discussions with four distinct groups. The researcher also reviewed relevant literature and books to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The findings reveal that the Afar people have established traditional conflict management and resolution institutions characterized by a hierarchical power structure. These institutions include knee leaders, clan leaders, father of the tree, and the sultanate or kingship dynasty known as the Bidu Sultanate. The sultanate holds a significant mandate as the reconciler of the 'makabanna' system and uses the 'bur’ili' customary law to address crimes and violence. Various types of conflict cases were identified, including theft, adultery, homicide, injury, insult, and physical assault. These conflicts often arise between clans, related to 'Absuma' marriage, inter-tribal revenge, and inter-clan avenging. The study highlights the intricate and culturally embedded mechanisms the Afar people utilize to maintain peace and social order within their community.