TRIBAL EDUCATION IN INDIA: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND STRATEGIES

Abstract

The present paper deals with the current status of tribal education in India, challenges, and barriers that distinctly hamper the access of education by the tribal people. About 700 different tribes inhabit in India, accounting for approximately 8% of the total population, representing a distinct cultural heritage, language, and tradition. While the government has been sincerely attempting to implement various educational schemes, the issues of geographical isolation, insufficient infrastructure, cultural disconnectedness in curriculum, and socio-economic disparities have remained deterrent factors to participation at schools. Trend analysis of GER on schedule tribes over the recent years presents continuous participation at primary and upper primary levels, while the GER drastically declines at the secondary and higher secondary levels. This study identifies major barriers to the educational access among tribal people, which include linguistic and cultural complexities, economic pressure, and gaps in policies apart from inadequate availability of teachers and irrelevant curriculum. The paper discusses several strategies for overcoming these barriers, including promoting mother tongue instruction, localization of curriculum, enhancement of teacher training, and encouragement of community engagement for better educational outcomes and social integration.